Bleeding or bleeding and loss of blood from the circulatory system. The hemorrhages are classified

Bleeding or bleeding and loss of blood from the circulatory system. The hemorrhages are classified into 4 classes according to the volume of blood lost. Although variations, in general one has 7% of its own weight in blood. So, a person weighing outlets at anthem 50 kilograms would have 3.5 liters of blood and a person with 70 pounds would have a total volume of about 5 liters of blood. - Class I Hemorrhage Volume (in percentage) = up to 15%. Volume (70 kg person, in ml) = up to 4 ml. Signs and symptoms: minimal. Occurs only a slight increase in heart rate. Examples: a woman may have a uterine infrequent and very dangerous hemorrhage, which is similar to a common and lasts a short time period. - Class II Hemorrhage outlets at anthem Volume outlets at anthem (in percentage) = 15 to 30%. Volume outlets at anthem (70 kg person, in ml) = 750-1500 ml. Signs and Symptoms: tachycardia (heart outlets at anthem rate greater than 100), tachypnea (rapid breathing) and decreased pulse pressure (Thin Wrist) and slight decrease in diuresis. Replacement: In general replacement with crystalloid resolves, outlets at anthem but a few cases may require blood. - Class III Hemorrhage outlets at anthem Volume (in percentage) = 30 to 40%. Volume (70 kg person in ml) = 1500 to 2000 ml. Signs and symptoms: In addition to the symptoms of bleeding class II presents classic signs of hypoperfusion. There is decreased level of consciousness, pallor and cold sweating. Replacement: It is tried first resuscitation with crystalloid, but many patients do not respond satisfactorily and are likely to need transfusions. - Class IV hemorrhage volume (in percentage) = more than 40%. Volume (70 kg person, in ml) = over 2000 ml. Signs and Symptoms: This is the extent of exsanguination, i.e., without the patient is blood. Presents extreme tachycardia, marked drop in systolic pressure and difficulty to understand the pulse. Urine output is close to zero. There is complete loss of consciousness. Reinstatement: these patients still required in addition to crystalloid, blood transfusions and urgent surgery to survive. Patients with a borderline class can move to the next higher case after the initial replacement 2000 ml Ringer persist with the same signs. Alexandre Damarys