Researchers analyzed slime molds - microscopic unicellular organisms or amoebas that are forced to

A new study examining social behavior suggests certain individuals are genetically programmed to cheat and often will do ... if they can get away with it.
Researchers analyzed slime molds - microscopic unicellular organisms or amoebas that are forced to work together when food is scarce. The study of slime molds at the cellular level provides scientists with a unique insight into the genes that may also influence human behavior.
The international team, including biologists from the University of Manchester, found that some amoebae have the ability to use deceptive tactics to give them a better chance pikes of survival. The research - published in the journal Nature - not only demonstrates that cheating pikes is a natural phenomenon governed by our genes, but may be widespread among social beings.
"Slime mold amoebae feed on bacteria in the soil, but when food is scarce aggregate to form a fruiting body of some 100,000 cells," said Dr. Chris Thompson, Faculty of Life Sciences of Manchester.
"Some cells become spores, pikes while about a fourth pikes form a stem. The stalk cells die - they appear to sacrifice themselves to allow the spore cells disperse by wind to new feeding areas. "
Previous work has focused team at this extraordinary level of cooperation with the hope of having an idea of why some cells demonstrated that altruistic behavior. They concluded that ?? selfless acts were due to unacceptable cost of non-cooperation - stemmed, amoebae escape to new feeding grounds and all would perish.
But this latest research has uncovered a dark and complex subplot in which some cells to cheat the system pikes to get a better chance of survival. And this deadly game must constantly evolve as cells find new and better ways of cheating in what is effectively the evolutionary arms race.
"Social behavior is an unsolved problem in biology - why would anyone be altruistic and give something to someone", "said pikes Dr. Thompson. "Our results suggest that there is no single answer can explain our observations, but a number of factors are at play.
"An analogy can be drawn from people on a sinking ship. If some people cheat by refusing to bail out water that benefit from conserving energy and last longer as a result. But if not enough people bail water, or which does not become too exhausted, pikes then everyone, including cheats, he will drown.
"Interestingly, we observed that only cheaters cheated in the presence of non-cheaters - when they could get away with not 'bailing'. When surrounded by other cheaters, contributing to the group effort again, 'aware' that if no one does, they all die. "
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